ABSTRACT
Hypoglycemia of infancy is a common metabolic disorder that can have serious neurological consequences. Therefore, its early diagnosis and treatment are crucial prognostic factors. Hypoglycemia has a variety of causes and a good clinical history, physical examination and laboratory determination will orient the correct diagnosis. Occasionally a molecular study will be required.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child , Adolescent , Hypoglycemia/diagnosis , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Metabolic Diseases/complications , Hyperinsulinism/complications , Hyperinsulinism/congenital , Hyperinsulinism/therapy , Congenital Hyperinsulinism/complications , Hypoglycemia/classification , Hypoglycemia/therapy , Hormones/deficiency , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The study of endocrine emergencies in childhood is important due to their high mortality and residual morbidity, that can be reduced with an adequate diagnosis and/or therapy. In this article, we review hypoglycemia, adrenal crisis, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia and thyroid storm in children, with focus on initial diagnostic approach and management.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Adrenal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Hypercalcemia/diagnosis , Hypocalcemia/diagnosis , Hypoglycemia/diagnosis , Thyroid Crisis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Adrenal Insufficiency/etiology , Adrenal Insufficiency/therapy , Age Factors , Calcium/blood , Emergencies , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Hypercalcemia/therapy , Hypocalcemia/etiology , Hypocalcemia/therapy , Hypoglycemia/classification , Hypoglycemia/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Thyroid Crisis/physiopathology , Thyroid Crisis/therapyABSTRACT
La hipoglicemia es la manifestación inicial de los pacientes con hipopituitarismo congénito, especialmente en el período neonatal, en la mayoría de los casos se asocia a defectos en la línea media, sin déficid pondoestatural al momento del nacimiento, ni en los primeros meses de vida. Se presenta el caso de lactante mayor con hipoglicemia y convulsiones generalizadas, sin alteraciones al examen físico. El perfil endocrinológico reportó insuficiencia hipofisiaria
Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Male , Female , Hypoglycemia/classification , Hypoglycemia/genetics , Hypoglycemia/therapy , Hypopituitarism/classification , Hypopituitarism/genetics , Hypopituitarism/therapy , Infant , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Objetivo: A hipoglicemia na infância tem o potencial de graves conseqüências deletéreas ao sistema nervoso central (SNC), de modo que a demora na soluçäo do programa pode deixar seqüelas irrevesíveis. O objetivo desta revisäo é fornecer elementos para um adequado atendimento diante de uma situaçäo de hipoglicemia. Métodos: Procedemos a um levantamento bibliográfico no Medline, abrangendo um período de 10 anos, e selecionamos os artigos que melhor resumissem os dados fisiopatológicos e de conduta terapêutica frente a uma hipoglicemia. Resultados: Há ainda hoje grande divergência quanto à melhor conduta diante de quadros de hiperinsulinismo, que usualmente apresentam-se já no neonato e acometem a criança em sua fase mais vulnerável em termos de integridade do seu SNC...
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Hypoglycemia/physiopathology , Hypoglycemia/classificationABSTRACT
This report details the management of a newborn with nesidioblastosis who underwent a 95% pancreatectomy under general anaesthesia. The baby presented with hypoglycemic convulsions, due to hyperinsulinism, and was treated with 12.5% dextrose infusions, glucagon and anticonvulsants. Intraoperatively and postoperatively the baby remained hyperglycemic. A postoperative osmotic diuresis necessitated the use of insulin for brief period. The infant remained euglycemic and convulsion free, following discontinuation of the dextrose infusions and starting of oral feeds. Recovery was uneventful.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General/methods , Humans , Hyperinsulinism/etiology , Hypoglycemia/classification , Infant, Newborn , Pancreatectomy , Pancreatic Diseases/complications , Seizures/drug therapyABSTRACT
A hipoglicemia é um distúrbio bastante comum e que deve ter um manejo rápido e apropriado, assim que diagnosticado. Pretendemos, com este artigo, revisar os principais aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais da hipoglicemia, bem como seu tratamento, proporcionando um melhor manejo deste distúrbio
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Infant, Newborn , Male , Female , Adult , Hypoglycemia , Glucose/therapeutic use , Hypoglycemia/classification , Hypoglycemia/diagnosis , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Hypoglycemia/therapyABSTRACT
Se informa de tres pacientes con leucemia, quienes presentaron hipoglicemia artificial o de laboratorio, debida a glucolisis continuada secundaria al gran numero de leucocitos presente en las muestras y a la demora en su procesamiento. El fenomeno se encontro en pacientes con leucemias mieloide y linfoide cronicas, asi como en un caso de leucemia aguda no linfoblastica y se relaciono mas con el conteo total de celulas blancas que con el tipo de celula leucocitaria. Es factible que hipoglicemias similares puedan presentarse en pacientes con leucocitosis marcadas, debidas a otras causas.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Hypoglycemia/blood , Hypoglycemia/classification , Hypoglycemia/diagnosis , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Leukemia/blood , Leukemia/classification , Leukemia/complications , Leukemia/diagnosisABSTRACT
Presenta mecanismos generales reguladores de la glucosa sanguinea y sus alteraciones en la genesis de la hipoglicemia; discute la clasificacion y los criterios diagnosticos de este sindrome, los mecanismos fisiopatologicos y las alternativas terapeuticas.